Hash Function Eigenschaften
Cryptographic hash functions have key properties: Deterministic (same Eingabe always produces same Ausgabe), quick computation, avalanche effect (small Eingabe change causes large Ausgabe change), one-way (infeasible to reverse), collision-resistant (hard to find two inputs mit same hash). SHA family uses Merkle-Damgård construction: message broken into blocks, processed through compression function mit chaining. SHA-256 uses 64 rounds of bitwise operations (AND, OR, XOR, rotation, addition mod 2³²) on 512-bit blocks mit 8 working variables. MD5 (broken, collisions found) and SHA-1 (deprecated) remain für non-security checksums.